The Thai government has introduced urgent measures to address the escalating PM2.5 air pollution crisis in Bangkok, including a week of free public transport. From January 25 to 31, 2025, all metro and bus services in the capital will be free of charge, aiming to reduce private vehicle usage and curb emissions. This decision, spearheaded by Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra, is part of a broader effort to combat the city’s hazardous air quality levels, according to Transport Minister Suriya Jungrungreangkit.
Metro services, operated by the Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand (MRTA) and private operators, have waived fares during the initiative, with the government allocating 140 million baht to compensate operators for lost revenue. In parallel, the Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) is providing free bus services across all routes, encouraging residents to shift to public transport.
The Department of Land Transport (DLT) has also intensified emissions inspections, particularly targeting public buses and freight vehicles, to ensure compliance with emissions standards. Additionally, construction sites in Bangkok have been instructed to implement stricter dust control measures, such as road cleaning and covering materials during transport. Agencies like the Department of Highways and the MRTA are monitoring contractors to ensure adherence to these directives.
Despite these measures, the government’s allocation of 140 million baht has drawn criticism. Environmental experts and some opposition figures argue that the plan addresses only the symptoms of the pollution crisis rather than its root causes. Critics, including Bhumjaithai MP Korrawee Prissananantakul, questioned whether the policy would effectively persuade private vehicle owners to switch to public transport, calling the initiative a potential misuse of taxpayer funds.
Environmental scientist Jessada Denduangboripant suggested reallocating the budget to distribute air purifiers to schools, while marine ecosystem expert Thon Thamrongnawasawat criticized the government for its delayed response, noting that the dust pollution had intensified the previous week without timely action.
On the first day of the initiative, the Department of Rail Transport reported a 45% increase in electric train usage, with over 1.6 million passengers availing the free services. The BTS Green Line and MRT Blue Line saw notable increases, reflecting a temporary shift towards public transport.
In the long term, the Ministry of Transport plans to expand Bangkok’s public transport network and promote sustainable urban mobility. The government is urging residents to adopt practices such as carpooling and public transport usage to mitigate pollution and ensure a more sustainable future.
